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RansomHouse upgrades encryption with multi-layered knowledge processing

Dr. Mike
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RansomHouse upgrades encryption with multi-layered knowledge processing


The RansomHouse ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) has lately upgraded its encryptor, switching from a comparatively easy single-phase linear method to a extra advanced, multi-layered methodology.

In observe, the upgrades provide stronger encryption outcomes, quicker speeds, and higher reliability on trendy goal environments, giving risk actors stronger leverage throughout post-encryption negotiations.

RansomHouse launched in December 2021 as a knowledge extortion cybercrime operation, later adopting encryptors in assaults and creating an automated instrument known as MrAgent to lock a number of VMware ESXi hypervisors without delay.

Wiz

Not too long ago, it was reported that the risk actors used a number of ransomware households in opposition to the Japanese e-commerce large Askul Company.

A brand new report from researchers at Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 sheds extra mild on RansomHouse’s toolset, together with its newest encryptor variant, dubbed ‘Mario.’

New ‘Mario’ encryptor

RansomHouse’s newest encryptor variant switches from a single-pass file knowledge transformation to a two-stage transformation that leverages two keys, a 32-byte main and an 8-byte secondary key.

This method will increase the encryption entropy and makes partial knowledge restoration more durable.

Mario generating the two keys
‘Mario’ producing the 2 encryption keys
Supply: Unit 42

The second main improve is the introduction of a brand new file processing technique that makes use of dynamic chunk sizing at a threshold of 8GB, with intermittent encryption.

Unit 42 says this makes static evaluation harder on account of its non-linearity, use of advanced math to find out the processing order, and using distinct approaches for every file primarily based on its measurement.

One other notable improve in ‘Mario’ is the higher reminiscence format and buffer group, and better complexity, with a number of devoted buffers now used for every encryption stage or function.

Lastly, the upgraded encryptor model now prints extra detailed info for file processing in contrast with the older variants, which solely declared the duty completion.

The newer variant nonetheless targets VM recordsdata and renames the encrypted recordsdata with the ‘.emario’ extension, dropping a ransom word (How To Restore Your Information.txt) on all impacted directories.

The ransom note dropped by the latest RansomHouse variant
The ransom word dropped by the newest RansomHouse variant
Supply: Unit 42

Unit 42 concludes that RansomHouse’s encryption improve is alarming, signaling “a regarding trajectory in ransomware growth,” rising the problem of decryption and making static evaluation and reverse engineering more durable.

RansomHouse is likely one of the longer-running RaaS operations, however it stays mid-tier when it comes to assault quantity. Its continued growth of superior tooling suggests a calculated technique targeted on effectivity and evasion moderately than scale.


tines

Damaged IAM is not simply an IT drawback – the affect ripples throughout your entire enterprise.

This sensible information covers why conventional IAM practices fail to maintain up with trendy calls for, examples of what “good” IAM seems to be like, and a easy guidelines for constructing a scalable technique.

This “mushroom” is just not a fungus, it’s a weird plant that breaks all the foundations

Dr. Mike
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This “mushroom” is just not a fungus, it’s a weird plant that breaks all the foundations


Within the damp shade beneath moss-covered bushes, excessive within the mountains of Taiwan and mainland Japan or deep inside the subtropical forests of Okinawa, an uncommon organism quietly grows. At first look, it resembles a mushroom. In actuality, it’s a plant known as Balanophora, and it possesses among the smallest flowers and seeds recognized within the plant world.

Not like most vegetation, Balanophora accommodates no chlorophyll and can’t carry out photosynthesis. It additionally lacks a traditional root system to attract water from the soil. As an alternative, it survives fully by attaching itself to the roots of particular close by bushes and stealing the vitamins it wants. Some species and populations take this strangeness even additional by producing seeds with out fertilization — a reproductive technique that’s extraordinarily uncommon amongst vegetation.

Scientists uncover the secrets and techniques of a long-mysterious plant

The genus Balanophora takes its title from its acorn-like look (Greek: balanos, acorn; phoros, bearing), and it has puzzled scientists for generations. As a result of the plant is uncommon and restricted to extremely particular habitats which might be more and more threatened by human exercise, most analysis has been restricted to remoted populations.

That’s now altering. A collaborative crew from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Know-how (OIST), Kobe College, and the College of Taipei has performed a broad survey of Balanophora throughout its scattered and hard-to-reach habitats. Their findings, printed in New Phytologist, hint the plant’s evolutionary historical past, reveal how its inside buildings have tailored to a parasitic life-style, and open new doorways for future analysis into this uncommon lineage.

As research lead creator Dr. Petra Svetlikova, Science and Know-how Affiliate at OIST, explains: “Balanophora has misplaced a lot of what defines it as a plant, however retained sufficient to perform as a parasite. It is an enchanting instance of how one thing so unusual can evolve from an ancestor that regarded like a traditional plant with leaves and a traditional root system.”

Shrinking plastids and life with out photosynthesis

Parasitic vegetation usually endure dramatic inside modifications as they change into extra depending on their hosts. One frequent pattern is the discount or lack of plastids — a class of plant organelles that features chloroplasts, which allow photosynthesis in most vegetation.

Though Balanophora depends utterly on its host bushes for diet, the researchers discovered that it has not eradicated its plastids. As an alternative, these buildings have been pared all the way down to a minimal type. Whereas non-parasitic vegetation could use as much as 200 genes to construct and preserve plastids, Balanophora retains solely about 20. Regardless of this excessive discount, greater than 700 proteins are nonetheless transported into these plastids from the encircling cell, indicating that they proceed to carry out important capabilities.

Professor Filip Husnik, head of the Evolution, Cell Biology, and Symbiosis Unit at OIST, notes the shock of this discovery. “That Balanophora plastids are nonetheless concerned within the biosynthesis of many compounds unrelated to photosynthesis was shocking. It implies that the order and timing of plastid discount in non-photosynthetic vegetation is much like different eukaryotes, such because the malaria-causing parasite, Plasmodium, which originated from a photosynthetic ancestor.”

An historic lineage formed by islands

By inspecting samples from many alternative populations, the crew reconstructed the evolutionary tree of Balanophora and traced the way it unfold throughout subtropical areas of East Asia. The plant belongs to the household Balanophoraceae, one of many oldest recognized teams of totally parasitic vegetation.

This household started diversifying in the course of the mid-Cretaceous interval, roughly 100 million years in the past — making it one of many earliest land plant lineages to desert photosynthesis fully.

Copy with out intercourse and the dangers of survival

Balanophora‘s reproductive methods are simply as uncommon as its look and life-style. Reproductive strategies range extensively between species and even between populations. Some require fertilization to supply seeds, whereas others may also reproduce with out fertilization, a course of generally known as facultative agamospermy. In probably the most excessive circumstances, some species are obligately agamospermous, which means they by no means reproduce sexually in any respect.

“Obligate agamospermy is exceedingly uncommon within the plant kingdom, as a result of it sometimes carries plenty of unfavorable downsides — lack of genetic variety, accumulation of dangerous mutations, dependence on particular situations, greater extinction danger, and so forth,” says Dr. Svetlikova. “Fascinatingly, we discovered that the obligately agamospermous Balanophora species had been all island species — and we speculate that extra Balanophora species could also be facultative, and even obligate, agamosperms.”

One benefit of this reproductive strategy is {that a} single feminine plant can set up a brand new inhabitants after reaching an island. This skill permits Balanophora to unfold rapidly into the slender ecological area of interest it prefers: darkish, moist forest undergrowth the place few different vegetation can survive.

A fragile future for a extremely specialised plant

Regardless of its skill to clone itself, Balanophora is extraordinarily selective about its hosts. Every inhabitants sometimes parasitizes solely a small variety of tree species. This specialization makes the plant particularly susceptible to environmental change.

Dr. Svetlikova emphasizes the significance of collaboration and conservation. “We’re very grateful to our collaborators Dr. Huei-Jiun Su and Dr. Kenji Suetsugu, consultants on parasitic vegetation, for his or her assist in sampling the studied Balanophora species, and to native authorities in Okinawa that allowed us to review these extraordinary vegetation,” she says. “Most recognized habitats of Balanophora are protected in Okinawa, however the populations face extinction by logging and unauthorized assortment. We hope to study as a lot as we are able to about this improbable, historic plant earlier than it is too late. It serves as a reminder of how evolution continues to shock us.”

Rock Cycle Undertaking Concepts for College students: A Easy Information

Dr. Mike
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Rock Cycle Undertaking Concepts for College students: A Easy Information


In case your instructor has requested you to make a mission on the rock cycle, you would possibly really feel not sure the place to begin. The names sound arduous. The diagrams look complicated. Many college students suppose they have to bear in mind large definitions to do effectively. Right here’s the factor. You don’t.The rock cycle shouldn’t be about memorizing phrases. It’s about understanding how rocks change over time. When you get that concept, every little thing turns into less complicated. Rocks are continuously altering. Warmth, water, stress, and time slowly flip one sort of rock into one other. This course of retains repeating. That’s the reason it’s known as a cycle.

Rock Cycle Undertaking Concepts for College students assist you to straightforwardly present this course of. A superb mission explains how rocks kind, break, and alter. It makes use of easy steps. It makes use of easy phrases. Most significantly, it exhibits that you simply perceive the concept.This weblog will talk about rock cycle mission concepts for college students, defined in a approach you possibly can truly observe. Every thought focuses on readability, not ornament. By the tip, you’ll understand how to decide on a mission, construct it correctly, and clarify it with confidence.

Additionally Learn: Analysis Undertaking Concepts College students Can End With out Stress

What Is the Rock Cycle in Easy Phrases?

The rock cycle explains how rocks change from one kind to a different. There are three primary varieties of rocks.

  • Igneous rocks
  • Sedimentary rocks
  • Metamorphic rocks

Right here’s what this actually means.

Igneous rocks kind when melted rock cools and turns into strong.

Sedimentary rocks kind when small items of rock settle and stick collectively.

Metamorphic rocks kind when warmth and stress change present rocks.

A rock can transfer from one sort to a different. It may possibly occur slowly. It may possibly take hundreds of years. This by no means stops. That’s the rock cycle.

If you perceive this circulation, your mission turns into a lot simpler to clarify.

Why Rock Cycle Initiatives Matter for College students

Rock cycle mission concepts for college students are necessary as a result of they assist you to perceive Earth science in an actual approach.

These initiatives assist you to:

  • See how Earth modifications slowly
  • Perceive pure processes
  • Enhance commentary abilities
  • Clarify science concepts clearly.

Subsequent, these initiatives train trigger and impact. You be taught why one thing modifications, not simply what modifications. After that, science feels extra logical and fewer scary.

Academics like rock cycle initiatives as a result of they present understanding. 

How you can Select the Proper Rock Cycle Undertaking

  • Earlier than you begin, pause and suppose.
  • First, examine what your instructor expects. Mannequin, chart, or written clarification.
  • Subsequent, take into consideration what you get pleasure from doing. Drawing, constructing, or writing.
  • Then, select a mission you possibly can clarify simply in your individual phrases.
  • Lastly, be sure to can end it neatly and on time.

Right here’s the factor. A easy mission that’s effectively defined at all times scores higher than a flowery mission that’s complicated.

Rock Cycle Undertaking Concepts for College students (Defined Step by Step)

Under are easy and sensible rock cycle mission concepts for college students. Every one is simple to observe.

1 Clay Mannequin of the Rock Cycle

What this mission is about

You employ clay to indicate totally different rock varieties.

How you can do it

First, take three totally different colours of clay.

Subsequent, form one colour into igneous rocks.

Then, press the clay layers to indicate the sedimentary rocks.

After that, squeeze the clay tightly to indicate metamorphic rocks.

Lastly, label every half clearly.

Why this works

It exhibits the rock cycle in a visible and easy approach.

2 Rock Cycle Diagram Chart

What this mission is about

You draw and label the rock cycle.

How you can do it

First, draw a giant circle on chart paper.

Subsequent, divide it into levels.

Then, add arrows to indicate motion.

After that, write brief labels for every course of.

Lastly, colour neatly.

Why this works

It helps you clarify the cycle step-by-step.

3 Edible Rock Cycle Undertaking

What this mission is about

You employ meals objects to clarify the rock cycle.

How you can do it

First, soften the chocolate to indicate magma.

Subsequent, let it cool to indicate igneous rock.

Then, crush biscuits to indicate sediments.

After that, press the layers collectively.

Lastly, clarify every step.

Why this works

It makes studying enjoyable and memorable.

4 Rock Cycle Wheel Mannequin

What this mission is about

You create a rotating wheel to indicate the cycle.

How you can do it

First, minimize two cardboard circles.

Subsequent, write rock levels on the underside circle.

Then, minimize home windows on the highest circle.

After that, repair them with a pin.

Lastly, rotate to indicate levels.

Why this works

It clearly exhibits that the cycle by no means stops.

5 Actual Rock Assortment Undertaking

What this mission is about

You acquire and research actual rocks.

How you can do it

First, acquire small rocks from secure locations.

Subsequent, clear and dry them.

Then, classify them into rock varieties.

After that, label every rock.

Lastly, clarify how every was fashioned.

Why this works

It connects textbook studying with actual life.

6. Rock Cycle Poster with Every day Life Examples

What this mission is about

You hyperlink the rock cycle to issues round you.

How you can do it

First, draw the rock cycle.

Subsequent, add examples like sand or stone.

Then, write brief explanations.

After that, hold the textual content easy.

Lastly, evaluation readability.

Why this works

It exhibits sensible understanding.

7. Rock Cycle Flip Ebook

What this mission is about

You create a flip guide exhibiting levels.

How you can do it

First, take small sheets of paper.

Subsequent, draw one stage on every web page.

Then, write a brief notice.

After that, bind the pages.

Lastly, flip to indicate the change.

Why this works

It explains the method step-by-step.

8 Rock Cycle Story Undertaking

What this mission is about

You write a narrative from a rock’s perspective.

How you can do it

First, think about you’re a rock.

Subsequent, describe how you modify over time.

Then, clarify every stage merely.

After that, finish the story clearly.

Lastly, revise as soon as.

Why this works

It checks understanding by storytelling.

9. 3D Rock Cycle Mannequin Utilizing Waste Materials

What this mission is about

You construct a mannequin utilizing recycled objects.

How you can do it

First, acquire cardboard and paper.

Subsequent, form landforms.

Then, label every half.

After that, paint evenly.

Lastly, clarify the mannequin.

Why this works

It’s low-cost and artistic.

10. Digital Rock Cycle Presentation

What this mission is about

You clarify the rock cycle utilizing slides.

How you can do it

First, create easy slides.

Subsequent, add clear diagrams.

Then, write brief factors.

After that, apply talking.

Lastly, current confidently.

Why this works

It improves clarification and presentation abilities.

11. Cycle Flowchart Undertaking

What this mission is about

Create a flowchart that depicts how the rock strikes from one place to the subsequent.

How you can do it

Then, draw containers on a graph paper or a chart.

Subsequent, you write one stage from the rock cycle inside every field.

Join the containers with arrows.

Following that, write a short paragraph explaining every change.

Then, see to see if the circulation is sensible.

Why this works

It may possibly assist you to perceive your rock cycles in a easy and rational order.

12. Rock Cycle Scrapbook Undertaking

What this mission is about

You create a scrapbook that explains the rock cycle web page by web page.

How you can do it

First, take a pocket book or free sheets.

Subsequent, use one web page for every rock sort.

Then, add drawings and brief explanations.

After that, paste photos or cutouts if wanted.

Lastly, write a abstract on the finish.

Why this works

It retains info organized and straightforward to revise.

13. Rock Cycle Timeline Undertaking

What this mission is about

You present how rocks change over a protracted time frame.

How you can do it

First, draw a protracted horizontal line.

Subsequent, mark the levels of the rock cycle on the road.

Then, write easy notes beneath every stage.

After that, present the time passing utilizing arrows.

Lastly, clarify that modifications take a few years.

Why this works

It helps you perceive that rock modifications are gradual and gradual.

14. Query and Reply Rock Cycle Board

What this mission is about

You create a board with frequent rock cycle questions and solutions.

How you can do it

First, write 8 to 10 easy questions in regards to the rock cycle.

Subsequent, write brief solutions beneath every query.

Then, use clear headings.

After that, adorn evenly if wanted.

Lastly, apply answering the questions aloud.

Why this works

It’s invaluable for viva and oral exams.

15. Rock Cycle Matching Sport Undertaking

What this mission is about

You create a easy matching sport utilizing playing cards.

How you can do it

First, make playing cards with rock names on one aspect.

Subsequent, make playing cards with processes like melting or erosion.

Then, combine them up.

After that, match every rock with the right course of.

Lastly, clarify why every match is appropriate.

Why this works

It makes studying interactive and improves reminiscence.

Tricks to Make Your Rock Cycle Undertaking Higher

Right here’s the factor. Readability issues greater than ornament.

  • Observe explaining aloud

For those who can clarify your mission in easy phrases, you’re heading in the right direction.

Frequent Errors to Keep away from

Many college students lose marks due to minor points.

Keep away from these:

Easy, clear work at all times stands out.

Conclusion

Rock cycle mission concepts for college students are usually not about studying tough phrases. They’re about understanding how Earth modifications slowly over time. If you perceive the concept, explaining it turns into simple.

A superb rock cycle mission exhibits clear pondering. It explains every stage so as. It makes use of easy language. It avoids confusion. Academics search for this readability.

The perfect half is that the Rock Cycle Undertaking Concepts for College students provide you with many selections. You possibly can draw, construct, write, or current. You possibly can select what fits you finest. This makes studying extra fulfilling and fewer hectic.

Deal with understanding, not memorizing. Clarify in your individual phrases. Hold your work neat and clear. For those who try this, your mission will stand out.

In order for you extra student-friendly guides like this, Stat Analytica shares academic content material designed to assist college students be taught clearly and confidently.

FAQs About Rock Cycle Undertaking Concepts For College students

1. How lengthy ought to a rock cycle mission clarification be?

Hold explanations brief. One or two traces per stage are sufficient.

2. Can I do a rock cycle mission with out actual rocks?

Sure. Fashions, charts, and drawings work completely.

3. Is coloring necessary in rock cycle initiatives?

Colour helps, however readability issues extra.

4. Which rock cycle mission is finest for learners?

Clay fashions and diagrams are finest for learners.

Closing out tabs – by scott cunningham

Dr. Mike
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Closing out tabs – by scott cunningham


It’s virtually 8am and my daughters are asleep, squeezed collectively in my full measurement mattress, whereas I’m laying on my ikea sofa. They’re right here via the twenty second, after which all of us return to Waco for a couple of days. Then I come again to Boston and prep my spring courses.

I’ve an itinerary for us at this time however I’ve obtained to get up first. Within the meantime listed below are hyperlinks.

Estimated returns to attending public universities utilizing Mark Hoekstras unique RDD identification technique continues to seek out giant returns, even after we embody extra than simply the state flagship.

Terrence Mallick is an influential director in Hollywood. Seen on MR.

RIP Brookline resident and MIT college member, Nuno FG Loureiro, and Brown undergrads, Ella Prepare dinner and MukhammadAziz Umurzokov. Could their reminiscence be a blessing to everybody who knew them.

Is Adam Smith overrated?

Titanic is on Netflix.

Arthur Brooks talks up happiness, says we deal with the improper issues, says deal with one thing else. Which is extra overrated — Adam smith or folks writing about what happiness is and isn’t.

Too many tabs for this. However I stay heartbroken that Rob Reiner and his spouse had been murdered final weekend. Reflecting on it, he’s made so many excellent motion pictures, a lot of that are my favourite of all time. I rewatch A Few Good Males religiously; I’d seen it twice within the month earlier than he died, and rewatched the opposite evening once more. I informed a lady up right here earlier than they died that my dream was to remake your entire movie, shot by shot precisely, for no actual motive apart from that it’s such a serious a part of the arc of my life. After I moved to Cordova TN within the eighth grade, I’d stroll 2 miles each Saturday that summer time to the movie show and sit there and watch motion pictures. I used to be deeply depressed concerning the transfer away from Mississippi and films — and particularly film theaters — had been the only most necessary factor in my life. When Harry Met Sally got here out that yr and I beloved it — love isn’t even the proper phrase. I lived inside that film in my head and coronary heart for many years. Identical with A Few Good Males. The women informed me the opposite evening informed me I pressured them to observe A Princess Bride repeatedly rising up a lot that Ren purchased me some e-book about it for Xmas — which sadly I don’t recall. So RIP to the Reiners; what a present to my life they’ve been and can proceed to be via the tales they created.

Valentin Bolotnyy at Stanford writes loads about psychological well being, and he’s one in every of my favourite youthful economists. I discover his work severe, sobering and I discover him to be genuine, honest and good. His research with others on involuntary hospitalizations utilizing Algheny county with a leniency design involves dangerous conclusions for the complier inhabitants. I believe that really is a vital caveat, a lot in order that the authors put it within the summary — they discover involuntary hospitalization causes an elevated danger of suicide. However as it’s a leniency design, it’s for the compliers and never the all the time takers.

But that is precisely the issue with involuntary hospitalization — there isn’t a MRI or X-ray machine or blood check one can take to find out that this individual and never one other meets some standards that must be hospitalized towards their will. The standards is within the US “hazard to oneself or others”, and it doesn’t imply “hazard to oneself or others” yesterday or tomorrow. It’s hazard to oneself or others actively, proper now, and if they’re forcibly hospitalized, when that individual stabilizes — as they may — they can’t be held any longer. That is the widespread phantasm many People with out direct data of extreme psychological sickness dwell underneath — the protections that American cities take pleasure in extends to the severely mentally unwell and serving to these struggling with it’s much more difficult than any bumper sticker platitude typically regarded as the easy answer.

For those who’re desirous about an insightful polemic on public coverage failures and the issue of extreme psychological sickness, I encourage you to learn Insane Penalties by DJ Jaffe. I discover extreme psychological sickness, equivalent to bipolar I, grand melancholy, schizophrenia and schizoaffective dysfunction, to be a factor that infuriates me recurrently.

James Woods was infuriated by Trumps tweet concerning the Reiner’s deaths.

Judd Kessler has a brand new e-book out on economics. Here’s a piece he wrote not too long ago about on-line courting. It’s both about on-line courting or it’s about courting. I used to have ideas concerning the economics of courting too till I obtained a divorce after which obtained on the apps, and now I believe just about none of it the issues economists write about on-line courting might be describing the core issues, however that’s effective. All of us see the world in another way.

The impact of melancholy on earnings.

LinkedIn is doing wrapped now.

For those who aren’t but utilizing Claude code, think about it. Belief me — you’ll in the future solely be utilizing it or one thing similar to it. I’d wager on that being a certain factor earlier than I wager on the solar rising.

Nick Tune on getting Claude to evaluate it’s personal code.

Abadie, Angrist, Frandsen, and Pischke have a brand new e-book on causal inference set to hit the shops in 2026 — identical as me. Right here’s their new diff in diff chapter.

Rating Baylor College’s finest public bogs. I’ll attempt to bear in mind to ask the women which of those is their favourite after they get up.

Hinge’s CEO has stepped down to begin an AI courting app.

Mannequin twin randomization and particular person therapy results.

Chatbots are struggling to maintain up with suicidal ideation of their customers.

The code for our JEL’s diff-in-diff software (county degree mortality and Medicaid enlargement) for these and didn’t see the sooner submit.

My new winter coat from LL Bean.

Giant language fashions and an economics method by Ludwig, Mullainathan and Rambachan.

Estimating therapy results assuming bounded heterogeneity by Kwon and Solar.

The significance of the sensation of connection.

Your single buddies are dying so that you can set them up. Glad to lastly shut this text from my tabs.

Younger grownup suicides are rising.

How widespread is “dishonest with AI”? The fact is extra difficult.

Rand says AI use is growing in colleges however lagging in steerage.

Three issues to maintain romantic relationships residing: discuss, go on dates, dwell within the current.

A bunch of nber working papers on declining fertility.

Three straightforward methods to indicate the one you love you care: pay attention to know to not react, present real appreciation, maintain humor alive.

A new sandwich place from Florence Italy has opened in Again Bay. Me and the women had been simply saying that we’re all three big followers of sandwiches. I’ll take them to my favourite sandwich place later however perhaps we must always do that one too.

Apple isn’t falling by the wayside on its Apple Imaginative and prescient Professional in all probability anytime quickly.

Huffington Publish wrapped up humorous tweets about {couples}. Additionally glad to lastly shut this one from my tabs.

How do people contact unfamiliar objects? Theres a research on that.

How one can confidently lead in an age of AI.

My colleague, Guilherme Duarte.

The financial penalties of banning marrying one’s cousin (qje). With out studying the summary, I’ll guess financial outcomes enhance.

Process objectives matter greater than efficiency objectives (Restat).

Ethan Mollick wrote concerning the impression that AI brokers could have on actual work. After a month of working with Claude Code, I’m optimistic Ai brokers will impression actual work.

Actual AI Brokers and Actual Work

AIs have quietly crossed a threshold: they will now carry out actual, economically related work…

Learn extra

3 months in the past · 741 likes · 77 feedback · Ethan Mollick

Regulators can not sustain with the tempo of individuals utilizing chatbots for self care.

Oldie however Claude 4.5 is wonderful.

Paul Thomas Andersons new film is each the very best film perhaps of the yr and virtually actually will seize him and DiCaprio and possibly a couple of others a bunch of awards over the subsequent few months. And but it was a field workplace bomb.

Selena Gomez’s family and friends members went to her wedding ceremony and informed her they beloved her.

Historical past of economics at Harvard.

My favourite substack author, a intercourse and {couples} therapist, writes concerning the significance of discovering one’s associate engaging, and in the event you don’t, it’s best to instantly break up. Additionally talks concerning the relative gender variations of simply how attracted to at least one’s associate that individual needs to be.

Talking of discovering one’s associate engaging, I’ve solely discovered 4 males engaging. Paul Newman, Bob Solow (clearly), Brad Pitt, and Ryan Gosling, with Gosling means out entrance. Right here’s one thing concerning the time he dated Sandra Bullock. They received my “favourite two folks with finest smiles who’re courting one another” award two years in a row.

Right here’s one other one I favored by my favourite intercourse therapist and marriage author. She as soon as had a chunk about why folks lose buddies throughout a divorce. She famous that males too are likely to lose greater than ladies within the divorce bc married buddies are usually paired friendships — the husband-wife pair matches with the husband-wife pair iow — however when the divorce occurs, the wives observe the spouse, and the husbands observe their wives.

Why You Lose Mates After Divorce

Lots of my purchasers who’re on the trail of divorce (beginning with separation via a accomplished divorce) battle with their lack of shut buddies. I’ve not spoken to any divorcing individuals who haven’t shared that they’ve both had battle with or solely stopped talking to not less than one member of the family or shut pal resulting from their divorce. Why does this occur and how are you going to work via it…

Learn extra

3 months in the past · 3 likes · Dr. Psych Mother

I believe the principle motive I learn this author so religiously is that she all the time writes concerning the issues I’ve skilled or really feel now with out flinching in any respect, though simply to acknowledge them as ideas feels extremely embarrassing. A variety of divorcing is simply plain embarrassing and you find yourself in remedy as a lot for that as something. Apparently ladies provoke 2/3 of all divorces, however I initiated my divorce whereas nonetheless deeply in love with my spouse, which was totally coronary heart wrenching for me and stays so to today, six years after beginning it. However, life is difficult for everybody. And we transfer on, and check out our greatest daily to like one another whereas nursing our barely bandaged wounds. I do recognize that this author simply persistently, although, in all seriousness doesn’t do the standard public advantage signaling rubbish about gender and love and simply writes for these folks. Lots of people discuss these subjects extra motivated by what they are going to be perceived as than in serving to folks. Which is why I subscribe to her. Right here’s her webpage for her follow.

Talking of AI brokers disrupting actual work, right here’s a chunk on giant language fashions and medical doctors.

I don’t drop all the things to catch new issues from Kanye like I as soon as did. I’m extra in a spot the place I need to have-already-caught-up however don’t need to actively do it. As an illustration, I need to have seen this documentary however I don’t need to truly watch it if that is smart.

How shut are we to having efficient chatbot based mostly remedy? Harvard writes about it. I believe it’s been right here for over two years personally.

Computing energy in diff in diff designs.

Isiah Andrews and Maryam Farboodi write on AI.

A analysis agenda for the economics of transformative AI by three recognizable names within the space.

I’m making all of it the way in which again to September in my tabs. This one is about mahjong in Boston.

My sisters mahjong parlor continues to blow up in reputation in chicago, talking of. Head over there for classes!

How retrainable are AI-exposed employees? What an ominous title.

Alright time to stand up. These daughters of mine aren’t going to wake themselves up apparently. Off to throw some tea within the Boston harbor.

BED-LLM: Clever Info Gathering with LLMs and Bayesian Experimental Design

Dr. Mike
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0
BED-LLM: Clever Info Gathering with LLMs and Bayesian Experimental Design


We suggest a general-purpose method for enhancing the flexibility of Giant Language Fashions (LLMs) to intelligently and adaptively collect data from a person or different exterior supply utilizing the framework of sequential Bayesian experimental design (BED). This permits LLMs to behave as efficient multi-turn conversational brokers and interactively interface with exterior environments. Our method, which we name BED-LLM (Bayesian Experimental Design with Giant Language Fashions), is predicated on iteratively selecting questions or queries that maximize the anticipated data acquire (EIG) concerning the activity of curiosity given the responses gathered beforehand. We present how this EIG could be formulated in a principled method utilizing a probabilistic mannequin derived from the LLM’s perception distribution and supply detailed insights into key selections in its building. Additional key to the success of BED-LLM are numerous particular improvements, similar to a rigorously designed estimator for the EIG, not solely counting on in-context updates for conditioning on earlier responses, and a focused technique for proposing candidate queries. We discover that BED-LLM achieves substantial good points in efficiency throughout a variety of checks based mostly on the 20-questions sport and utilizing the LLM to actively infer person preferences, in comparison with direct prompting of the LLM and different adaptive design methods.

  • † College of Oxford
  • ‡ Metropolis College of Hong Kong

NVIDIA AI Releases Nemotron 3: A Hybrid Mamba Transformer MoE Stack for Lengthy Context Agentic AI

Dr. Mike
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0
NVIDIA AI Releases Nemotron 3: A Hybrid Mamba Transformer MoE Stack for Lengthy Context Agentic AI


NVIDIA has launched the Nemotron 3 household of open fashions as a part of a full stack for agentic AI, together with mannequin weights, datasets and reinforcement studying instruments. The household has three sizes, Nano, Tremendous and Extremely, and targets multi agent techniques that want lengthy context reasoning with tight management over inference value. Nano has about 30 billion parameters with about 3 billion lively per token, Tremendous has about 100 billion parameters with as much as 10 billion lively per token, and Extremely has about 500 billion parameters with as much as 50 billion lively per token.

https://analysis.nvidia.com/labs/nemotron/information/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Nano-Technical-Report.pdf

Mannequin household and goal workloads

Nemotron 3 is introduced as an environment friendly open mannequin household for agentic functions. The road consists of Nano, Tremendous and Extremely fashions, every tuned for various workload profiles.

Nemotron 3 Nano is a Combination of Consultants hybrid Mamba Transformer language mannequin with about 31.6 billion parameters. Solely about 3.2 billion parameters are lively per ahead cross, or 3.6 billion together with embeddings. This sparse activation permits the mannequin to maintain excessive representational capability whereas protecting compute low.

Nemotron 3 Tremendous has about 100 billion parameters with as much as 10 billion lively per token. Nemotron 3 Extremely scales this design to about 500 billion parameters with as much as 50 billion lively per token. Tremendous targets excessive accuracy reasoning for big multi agent functions, whereas Extremely is meant for complicated analysis and planning workflows.

Nemotron 3 Nano is on the market now with open weights and recipes, on Hugging Face and as an NVIDIA NIM microservice. Tremendous and Extremely are scheduled for the primary half of 2026.

NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano delivers about 4 occasions increased token throughput than Nemotron 2 Nano and reduces reasoning token utilization considerably, whereas supporting a local context size of as much as 1 million tokens. This mix is meant for multi agent techniques that function on massive workspaces similar to lengthy paperwork and enormous code bases.

https://analysis.nvidia.com/labs/nemotron/information/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Nano-Technical-Report.pdf

Hybrid Mamba Transformer MoE structure

The core design of Nemotron 3 is a Combination of Consultants hybrid Mamba Transformer structure. The fashions combine Mamba sequence blocks, consideration blocks and sparse professional blocks inside a single stack.

For Nemotron 3 Nano, the analysis crew describes a sample that interleaves Mamba 2 blocks, consideration blocks and MoE blocks. Normal feedforward layers from earlier Nemotron generations are changed by MoE layers. A realized router selects a small subset of consultants per token, for instance 6 out of 128 routable consultants for Nano, which retains the lively parameter depend shut to three.2 billion whereas the total mannequin holds 31.6 billion parameters.

https://analysis.nvidia.com/labs/nemotron/information/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Nano-Technical-Report.pdf

Mamba 2 handles lengthy vary sequence modeling with state house type updates, consideration layers present direct token to token interactions for construction delicate duties, and MoE supplies parameter scaling with out proportional compute scaling. The necessary level is that almost all layers are both quick sequence or sparse professional computations, and full consideration is used solely the place it issues most for reasoning.

For Nemotron 3 Tremendous and Extremely, NVIDIA provides LatentMoE. Tokens are projected right into a decrease dimensional latent house, consultants function in that latent house, then outputs are projected again. This design permits a number of occasions extra consultants at comparable communication and compute value, which helps extra specialization throughout duties and languages.

Tremendous and Extremely additionally embrace multi token prediction. A number of output heads share a typical trunk and predict a number of future tokens in a single cross. Throughout coaching this improves optimization, and at inference it permits speculative decoding like execution with fewer full ahead passes.

Coaching knowledge, precision format and context window

Nemotron 3 is educated on massive scale textual content and code knowledge. The analysis crew experiences pretraining on about 25 trillion tokens, with greater than 3 trillion new distinctive tokens over the Nemotron 2 era. Nemotron 3 Nano makes use of Nemotron Widespread Crawl v2 level 1, Nemotron CC Code and Nemotron Pretraining Code v2, plus specialised datasets for scientific and reasoning content material.

Tremendous and Extremely are educated largely in NVFP4, a 4 bit floating level format optimized for NVIDIA accelerators. Matrix multiply operations run in NVFP4 whereas accumulations use increased precision. This reduces reminiscence strain and improves throughput whereas protecting accuracy shut to straightforward codecs.

All Nemotron 3 fashions help context home windows as much as 1 million tokens. The structure and coaching pipeline are tuned for lengthy horizon reasoning throughout this size, which is important for multi agent environments that cross massive traces and shared working reminiscence between brokers.

Key Takeaways

  • Nemotron 3 is a 3 tier open mannequin household for agentic AI: Nemotron 3 is available in Nano, Tremendous and Extremely variants. Nano has about 30 billion parameters with about 3 billion lively per token, Tremendous has about 100 billion parameters with as much as 10 billion lively per token, and Extremely has about 500 billion parameters with as much as 50 billion lively per token. The household targets multi agent functions that want environment friendly lengthy context reasoning.
  • Hybrid Mamba Transformer MoE with 1 million token context: Nemotron 3 fashions use a hybrid Mamba 2 plus Transformer structure with sparse Combination of Consultants and help a 1 million token context window. This design provides lengthy context dealing with with excessive throughput, the place solely a small subset of consultants is lively per token and a spotlight is used the place it’s most helpful for reasoning.
  • Latent MoE and multi token prediction in Tremendous and Extremely: The Tremendous and Extremely variants add latent MoE the place professional computation occurs in a decreased latent house, which lowers communication value and permits extra consultants, and multi token prediction heads that generate a number of future tokens per ahead cross. These modifications enhance high quality and allow speculative type speedups for lengthy textual content and chain of thought workloads.
  • Giant scale coaching knowledge and NVFP4 precision for effectivity: Nemotron 3 is pretrained on about 25 trillion tokens, with greater than 3 trillion new tokens over the earlier era, and Tremendous and Extremely are educated primarily in NVFP4, a 4 bit floating level format for NVIDIA GPUs. This mix improves throughput and reduces reminiscence use whereas protecting accuracy shut to straightforward precision.

Try the Paper, Technical weblog and Mannequin Weights on HF. Be happy to take a look at our GitHub Web page for Tutorials, Codes and Notebooks. Additionally, be at liberty to observe us on Twitter and don’t neglect to hitch our 100k+ ML SubReddit and Subscribe to our Publication.


Asif Razzaq is the CEO of Marktechpost Media Inc.. As a visionary entrepreneur and engineer, Asif is dedicated to harnessing the potential of Synthetic Intelligence for social good. His most up-to-date endeavor is the launch of an Synthetic Intelligence Media Platform, Marktechpost, which stands out for its in-depth protection of machine studying and deep studying information that’s each technically sound and simply comprehensible by a large viewers. The platform boasts of over 2 million month-to-month views, illustrating its reputation amongst audiences.

High AirPlay 2 Audio system 2026: Greatest wi-fi sound for Apple units

Dr. Mike
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0
High AirPlay 2 Audio system 2026: Greatest wi-fi sound for Apple units


Apple sells two audio system–the HomePod and HomePod mini–however there are many several types of audio system that work with iPhone, iPad, Mac and Apple TV on the market to select from that might supply higher worth for cash.

There’s plenty of selection with the audio system on this spherical up providing all kinds of options, specs, designs and worth tags. However we’re right here to information you thru the complexity and provide help to discover one of the best speaker for optimum efficiency together with your Mac and iOS units whether or not you might be taking part in music out of your library or from Apple Music or one other music streaming service.

We have a look at quite a lot of audio system together with multi-room speaker programs, that are extra in style than ever–particularly as cell units just like the iPhone and iPad enable us to hold our complete music library from room to room, or hook up with music streaming companies equivalent to Spotify, Apple Music or Amazon Prime Music with a fast faucet.

Apple customers are finest off getting a speaker with AirPlay help, and all of the audio system on this take a look at supply AirPlay 2 help. AirPlay is helpful if you wish to stream music out of your iPhone to a speaker. We clarify what AirPlay is and the options it brings afterward on this article.

Greatest audio system for iPhone, iPad, Mac and Apple TV 2026

We’ve examined one of the best audio system you should purchase to make use of together with your Apple merchandise under, so learn on to search out out which AirPlay audio system are finest.

HomePod mini – Greatest speaker for Apple Music

Value When Reviewed:

$99


Greatest Costs In the present day:


Apple HomePod mini Bluetooth audio system – Area grey


$80

We’re placing the HomePod mini within the high spot on the idea of its low price ticket, wonderful sound high quality and deep integration with Apple’s software program ecosystem – so long as you don’t thoughts being tied to Siri.

The HomePod mini can’t match the bass punch of the full-size HomePod, however the output remains to be much better than now we have any proper to anticipate at this dimension and worth. (Simply to reiterate, it’s a 3rd of the value and a seventh of the burden of its bigger sibling.)

For jazz, rock and classical we had been blown away by its clear, wealthy sound. And whereas it’s not fairly acquired the welly to deafen your neighbors with home music at 3 am, and also you received’t fill a village corridor with sound, but it surely does fill a room superbly – particularly when teamed with a second mannequin as a stereo pair.

Learn our full

Apple HomePod mini overview

Apple HomePod (2nd technology, 2023) – Greatest Apple speaker

Apple HomePod (2nd generation, 2023) - Best Apple speaker

Value When Reviewed:

$299

When you’re deep within the Apple ecosystem and also you recognize high quality audio, that is the sensible speaker for you: it should play your music superbly and make TV watching a delight.

As with the HomePod mini, ease of setup is one in all its strongest options–plug within the HomePod and wave an iPhone vaguely in its route and an onscreen popup (on the cellphone) will invite you to set it up. If there’s one other HomePod of the identical mannequin within the chosen room, you’ll be given the choice to hitch them as a stereo pair.

It sounds nice whether or not used as a single unit, or as a stereo pair, and it’s an ideal accompaniment to your Apple TV because it helps Dolby Atmos and Spatial Audio (the HomePod mini doesn’t). To seek out out extra, learn extra about how the HomePod compares to the HomePod mini.

The principle disadvantages of the 2023 HomePod are the excessive worth (thrice that of the HomePod mini) and the frustrations related to being reliant on Siri to regulate it. We actually need a HomePod with a display.

Learn our full

Apple HomePod (2nd technology, 2023) overview

Audio Professional C10 MKII W – Greatest speaker for sound high quality

Audio Pro C10 MKII W - Best speaker for sound quality

Value When Reviewed:

$480


Greatest Costs In the present day:

Amazon


$289

The Audio Professional C10 MKII W has a minimalist design, consisting of a easy rectangular field measuring 166mm excessive, 320mm vast, and 180mm deep. Regardless of its small dimension, it’s sturdy, weighing over 4kg.

The entrance panel includes a sensible material grille that may be eliminated for a retro look with uncovered drivers. Eradicating the grille reveals a big woofer within the centre for deep, full sound, with smaller tweeters on both aspect for increased frequencies.

The C10 MKII W has a complete output of 80W, making it appropriate as a most important speaker system in the lounge. Nonetheless, it requires mains energy and is probably going for use in a single room at house resulting from its weight. 

The C10 MKII W helps Bluetooth, Apple’s AAC codec, and dual-band Wi-Fi. The up to date Audio Professional app works with numerous streaming companies, together with Spotify, Amazon Music, and SoundCloud. It additionally helps AirPlay 2, permitting audio streaming from Apple units and integration with multi-room music programs. Android customers could also be upset that there’s no aptX help with Bluetooth, however the C10 MKII W helps Google Forged.

The speaker has RCA connectors for wired connections, however no audio cables are included.

The C10 MKII W delivers good sound high quality. The lossless model of Madonna’s Frozen on Apple Music by way of AirPlay revealed delicate string touches and delicate digital chimes, adopted by a pointy percussion crack that led into the refrain.

The C10 MKII W handles tougher rock sounds effectively. Sing Alongside by Sturgill Simpson, captured the thick, fuzzy guitar sound and the wailing keyboards, making a full of life environment. The deep bass could possibly be firmer, however an additional RCA connector permits for an exterior sub-woofer for enhanced bass.

Whereas it’s dearer than Apple’s HomePod, the C10 MKII W excels in readability and precision, particularly with high-res music on Apple Music and different streaming companies. It additionally gives higher connectivity.

Audio Professional’s mannequin numbers are inconsistent, with some older fashions nonetheless on sale, so be sure to purchase the proper mannequin.

Learn our full

Audio Professional C10 MKII W overview

Audio Professional A28 W – Greatest twin speaker arrange

Audio Pro A28 W - Best dual speaker set up

Value When Reviewed:

$720


Greatest Costs In the present day:

amazon

When you want correct stereo audio system the A28 W is a good choice.

The speaker cupboards are made from MDF, which feels very sturdy and likewise helps to cut back vibrations that may have an effect on the sound high quality. The A28 W is obtainable in black or white, or with a walnut wooden end. There are detachable material grilles supplied with every speaker.

Inside every cupboard you’ll discover a 4.5-inch woofer for dealing with the mid-range and decrease frequencies, together with a 1-inch tweeter for the upper frequencies. Every speaker gives 75W output – 150W complete.

The ‘W’ refers back to the audio system’ emphasis on wi-fi connectivity. There’s help for Apple’s AAC codec (however no aptX for Android customers). There’s dual-band Wi-Fi for connecting to your house community (2.4GHz and 5.0GHz). And there’s help for AirPlay 2 and Google Forged.

Wired inputs embrace stereo RCA inputs, one digital optical enter to be used with different Hello-Fi tools, and an HDMI-ARC interface for a TV. There’s additionally another RCA connector that means that you can hook up with an exterior sub-woofer as effectively. No commonplace 3.5mm or USB-C connector for wired audio although.

There’s a 10-band equaliser, however what actually impresses in regards to the A28 W is its capability to create an expansive stereo sound that’s much more immersive and atmospheric than one-piece audio system equivalent to Apple’s HomePod. It’s pretty costly, however the sound high quality is superb.

Learn our full

Audio Professional A28 W overview

Bowers & Wilkins Zeppelin Professional Version – Greatest speaker for house

Bowers & Wilkins Zeppelin Pro Edition - Best speaker for home

Value When Reviewed:

$799

Bowers & Wilkins Zeppelin vary of audio system first appeared again in 2007. The  Zeppelin Professional Version launched on the finish of 2024 and appears virtually equivalent to the Zeppelin launched, so watch out to examine which mannequin you might be contemplating shopping for. 

At $799/£699, it’s one of many dearer AirPlay audio system presently accessible, but it surely actually does ship the products when it comes to sound high quality.

The Zeppelin Professional Version measures 210 x 650 x 194mm and weighs 6.6kg. It’s accessible in a darkish ‘area gray’ or ‘photo voltaic gold’. 

In contrast to many one-piece speaker programs – together with Apple’s HomePod – the Zeppelin Professional Version gives a full stereo system, with separate left and proper audio channels, in addition to a devoted sub-woofer for dealing with decrease frequencies. That’s an analogous set-up to earlier Zeppelin fashions, however Bowers & Wilkins says the woofers and tweeters have been redesigned for the Zeppelin Professional Version for even higher sound high quality.

Like earlier fashions, the Zeppelin Professional Version helps Bluetooth with AAC for Apple units, and aptX Adaptive for Android. There’s additionally Wi-Fi with help for AirPlay 2, which lets you stream wi-fi audio (and Apple Music) over your house community out of your Apple machine. Utilizing AirPlay with Apple units gives extra bandwidth for high-quality audio recordsdata. The Zeppelin Professional additionally helps Spotify Join, and Tidal and Amazon Music by way of an app. 

Our solely criticism is that the Zeppelin Professional doesn’t supply wired inputs, so you may’t join it to a CD participant or Hello-Fi.

The Zeppelin Professional Version is among the bigger and dearer AirPlay audio system. If you would like a robust, high-quality stereo speaker that helps AirPlay 2 this can be a nice choice. 

Learn our full

Bowers & Wilkins Zeppelin Professional Version overview

Roku Streambar – Greatest speaker for TV

Roku Streambar - Best speaker for TV

Value When Reviewed:

$129.99


Greatest Costs In the present day:

amazon

Roku is well-known for its vary of streaming media units, which supply an inexpensive various to Apple’s personal Apple TV field. Nonetheless, the Roku Streambar goes a step additional by combining streaming options with a compact soundbar speaker and help for Apple’s AirPlay 2 – and all for a extremely aggressive $129.99/£129.99.

The AirPlay help and built-in dual-band Wi-Fi imply that you may merely use the Streambar as a standard AirPlay speaker, utilizing AirPlay to stream music by way of Wi-Fi from any Apple machine. It’s surprisingly highly effective for such a compact speaker, and greater than loud sufficient for taking part in music at house or watching a couple of Hollywood blockbusters. It even gives fairly good bass too, touchdown the bass guitar and crashing drums on Kate Bush’s The Large Sky with actual affect (and Roku has lately introduced a brand new vary of wi-fi audio system that additionally help AirPlay 2, though we’ve not had the prospect to check these but).

Going past fundamental speaker mode, you may as well use the HDMI port on the again of the Streambar to attach it to a TV or pc show, and this lets you stream video at as much as 4K decision out of your Apple units as effectively. You’ll be able to even eliminate your Apple units altogether, and simply use the Streambar’s built-in streaming options to attach your TV or pc monitor to a variety of video companies–together with Apple TV+, Netflix, Disney+ and so forth. It additionally helps numerous music streaming companies too, equivalent to Apple Music and Spotify.

Admittedly, the low price of the Streambar signifies that it does lack a couple of superior options, equivalent to help for Dolby Atmos, which you may get from Apple’s HomePod and likewise the Apple TV 4K. However, in fact, the Apple TV field doesn’t embrace a speaker, and the Streambar’s low-cost mixture of AirPlay speaker and music and video streaming options makes it an absolute discount at this worth.

In 2024 Roku launched the Streambar SE, which is a less expensive model of the Streambar reviewed right here. The bigger Streambar Professional has been discontinued, however for now Roku appears to be persevering with to promote the Streambar.

Sonos Period 100 – Greatest multiroom speaker

Sonos Era 100 - Best multiroom speaker

Value When Reviewed:

$249.00


Greatest Costs In the present day:

B&H


$169

Best Buy US


$169

Walmart


$169

Adorama


$199

Best Buy


$199.99

amazon

When Sonos first launched the Period 100 it was positioned as a mid-range choice that sat between the entry-level Sonos One and the imposing Period 300 with Dolby Atmos on the high quality. Nonetheless, the veteran Sonos One quietly pale away a couple of months in the past and the Period 100 has taken over as the brand new entry level for the Sonos vary of multi-room audio system, with a $249/£249 price ticket that makes it a superb various to the Apple HomePod at £299/$299.

At first look, the Period 100 does look similar to the unique Sonos One, with an upright cylindrical design that’s accessible in black or white. It’s barely bigger than the Sonos One, although, standing 182.5mm excessive, 120mm vast and 130mm deep. This enables the Period 100 to squeeze in a further high-frequency tweeter, in order that it now homes two tweeters which might be angled out to the appropriate and left to unfold sound extra extensively than the Sonos One. It additionally features a bigger woofer than the Sonos One, to deal with the mid-range and bass and add a bit of further energy as effectively.

This new design works a deal with and the Period 100 gives excellent sound high quality for a comparatively compact speaker. The atmospheric harmonies of Enya’s Orinoco Circulate have a light-weight, shimmering sound, however the compact speaker has acquired some muscle too, and is definitely capable of fill the room round me with Enya’s swirling cloud of sound. The dual tweeters present a crisp, clear sound for the digital loops that fly via the air, however that bigger woofer may also attain down and embrace the gradual bass pulse and rumbling drums that enter as Enya’s multi-tracked vocals chant – “flip it up, flip it up”.

The one minor disappointment is that the Period 100 doesn’t help Dolby Atmos or spatial audio. When you’re a house cinema fan who actually needs Atmos then you definately’ll must pay a bit of extra for options such because the Apple HomePod or the high-end Period 300. However, when you’re simply searching for a compact, high-quality speaker with wi-fi and help for AirPlay, then the Period 100 delivers the products at a cheaper price than most of its AirPlay rivals.

Sonos Roam 2 – Greatest transportable speaker

Sonos Roam 2 - Best portable speaker

Value When Reviewed:

$179 (diminished to $143)

Sonos’ Roam must be the smallest and most transportable AirPlay 2 speaker we’ve seen to date.

Sonos’s unique Roam sensible speaker was launched again in 2021, and it was top-of-the-line transportable audio system we’ve ever seen, offering excellent sound high quality in a extremely compact design that additionally managed to squeeze in helpful options equivalent to wi-fi charging and even help for Wi-Fi and AirPlay for Apple units. The Roam 2 fine-tunes numerous options equivalent to its set-up and tuning course of, and gives extra easy controls.

Obtainable in quite a lot of colours–together with pink, inexperienced, blue and plain outdated black and white–the Roam 2 appears equivalent to its predecessor. It’s 168mm tall, 62mm vast and 60mm deep, and weighs 0.43kg. It’s not pocket-size, however it should match right into a backpack. It has a IP67 score water and mud resistance, so it’s suited to the outside.

There’s no room for a big battery within the compact design, but it surely ought to final for as much as 10 hours with music at 50% quantity. It wants to face upright for wi-fi charging and the quantity, playback and microphone controls sit on the highest, however you may flip the speaker onto its aspect and lay it flat. A USB-C port on the again can be utilized for charging too. 

Roam 2 helps Bluetooth 5.2 and now has separate buttons for Energy and Bluetooth pairing, that are simpler to make use of than the fiddly multi-function button on the unique Roam. You’ll be able to press the Bluetooth button to pair by way of Bluetooth, however it’s worthwhile to obtain the Sonos app for iOS with a view to set the speaker up correctly. We encountered issues getting the speaker related to our Wi-Fi community and needed to spend time altering the Wi-Fi settings. However, as soon as that was carried out, the Roam 2 labored very well. Fortunate its help for AirPlay made connecting it to further Apple units easy.

The Roam 2 gives nice sound high quality for such a compact speaker, particularly over a Wi-Fi connection. It did a superb job with Sturgill Simpson’s Sing Alongside, laying down the grinding, fuzzy guitars that type the bedrock of the sound. On Billie Eilish’s Unhealthy Man it achieved a reasonably respectable bass beat for such a small speaker.

Switching to Bluetooth prompted the sound to lose a bit of readability–however that’s a limitation of Bluetooth fairly than the speaker itself, and the Roam 2 can go head-to-head with any transportable speaker of this dimension and weight. The Roam 2 actually punches above its weight on the subject of sound high quality and its sturdy and light-weight design is nice for out of doors use. 

Learn our full

Sonos Roam 2 overview

Sonos Period 300

Sonos Era 300

Value When Reviewed:

$449.00 every


Greatest Costs In the present day:

B&H


$379

Walmart


$379

Adorama


$449

Best Buy


$449

Best Buy US


$459.99

amazon

Apple has been banging the drum for spatial audio for a couple of years now, however Sonos actually took a step ahead with that know-how when it launched the Period 300 in 2023. Appropriately sufficient, it additionally marked a brand new period for the Sonos vary of multi-room audio system, with a wholly new design that was not less than eye-catching even when it wasn’t maybe as elegant as Sonos claimed.

Obtainable in black or white, the cumbersome, hourglass design of the Period 300 may be very a lot designed for spatial audio, housing at least six separate speaker drivers, with help for Dolby Atmos when watching movies and video, or listening to spatial audio on Apple Music. There’s one woofer and one tweeter on all sides of the unit, which give a large stereo soundstage, whereas one other tweeter on the entrance highlights vocals and dialogue, or lead devices. There’s another tweeter on the highest, which is designed to fireplace pontificate the ceiling to assist create a way of top and area when listening to music or video that makes use of Atmos.

Like most Sonos audio system, the Period 300 makes use of dual-band Wi-Fi (2.4GHz/5.0GHz) to hook up with your house community, and likewise helps AirPlay 2 to be used with Apple units and different AirPlay-compatible audio system. However, not like earlier Sonos audio system, the Period now helps Bluetooth as effectively, in order that it might probably present a fast and straightforward wi-fi connection for cell units and computer systems when required. You can too purchase an adaptor that gives a wired connection (though it’s annoying that this prices an additional $19/£19, given the speaker’s hefty $449/£449 price ticket).

The Period 300 can earn its maintain, although. The Dolby Atmos help works very well on the opening scene of Blade Runner, creating an actual sense of motion because the hovercar flies over the Los Angeles skyline, and there’s a satisfying bass rumble to the bursts of steam and flame that erupts into the air.

It does a superb job with spatial audio on Apple Music too, particularly with Ringo’s deft percussion on the Atmos mixture of Come Collectively by the Beatles. The bongos skip calmly via the air and the bass guitar glides ahead with a swaying, sinuous rhythm. There’s actual weight behind the guitar riff that leads into the refrain, however the Period 300 can nonetheless select gentler particulars such because the shimmering cymbals and rhythmic keyboards. Admittedly, it’s one of many dearer AirPlay audio system presently accessible, however the highly effective and atmospheric sound of the Period 300, and help for Dolby Atmos, make it a superb various to dearer soundbar programs for music and watching video.

Beats Capsule

Beats Pill

Value When Reviewed:

$149.99


Greatest Costs In the present day:

Best Buy US


$98.99

Amazon


$99.95

Walmart


$99.95

B&H


$99.99

Best Buy


$99.99

Target


$99.99

Adorama


$129.95

Apple


$149.99

Apple United States


$149.99

It sounds higher than most transportable audio system this dimension, however nonetheless sounds clipped at excessive volumes and a few controls are a bit of opaque.

The Beats Capsule is way improved over earlier variations, but it surely has a couple of faults that we’d like to see addressed within the subsequent revision.

Beats’ iconic “capsule” form is useful to hold round, suits anyplace a water bottle would go, and sits effectively on a desk or equally flat floor. You may get one in traditional Beats colours—black, pink, or champagne.

When at relaxation the audio system are tilted 20 levels upward, which is a good way to undertaking the sound extra instantly at you. 

The Capsule is IP67-rated, so is must be secure on the seashore, beside a pool, or within the rain. A silicone outer wrap helps forestall bumps and dings, whereas including weatherproofing.

Alongside the highest, you’ll discover quantity buttons, a middle multi-function button, and an influence button. They’re far sufficient aside and labeled clearly sufficient that it’s straightforward to hit the appropriate one with out paying shut consideration.

Within the again is a single USB-C port that can be utilized for charging or as an audio enter, with help for lossless audio (not that the Capsule has the sound high quality to do it justice). It even reverse-charges with a triple-tap of the facility button so it may be a form of energy financial institution in your cellphone.

Beats says the battery will final 24 hours. We will verify it might probably simply run all day with out recharging.

With a single woofer able to 90 p.c extra air displacement than the woofer within the Beats Capsule+ and a paired tweeter, the brand new Beats Capsule sounds OK. Like all transportable audio system with a cylindrical design it lacks low-end oomph. There’s extra bass than you’d anticipate, however nonetheless lower than you want. It does get fairly loud, however at excessive volumes, there’s a clipped or restricted really feel.

There’s a microphone to allow speakerphone or voice assistants, but it surely doesn’t have a lot in the way in which of noise discount to guard from sturdy wind or close by freeway noise.

The weatherproofing, comparatively loud quantity, and improbable battery life all make this a very nice inexpensive speaker for hanging out by the pool. The $149.99/£149.99price is affordable, too. You simply must handle your expectations for getting nice sound high quality out of a bit of transportable speaker like this.

Learn our full

Beats Capsule overview

JBL Authentics 300

JBL Authentics 300

Value When Reviewed:

$449.99

We’ve regarded on the JBL Flip 7, which launched in spring 2025, and they’re good, however they lack AirPlay. Tucked away in a quiet nook of the JBL web site the corporate has a variety of sensible audio system, referred to as Authentics, which embrace each Wi-Fi and help for Apple’s AirPlay.

There are three audio system within the vary, beginning at $349.99/£238.99 for the entry-level Authentics 200, going as much as $699.99/£529.99 for the top-of-the-range Authentics 500. Nonetheless, the candy spot for us is the mid-range Authentics 300, which has essentially the most versatile design and prices $449.99/£249.99, though you will discover them cheaper.

The Authentics 300 is attractively designed, with a sturdy picket cupboard and a giant, chunky grille on the entrance that provides it an deliberately retro look. It’s pretty giant, standing 195mm excessive, 342mm vast and 180mm deep, and it weighs in at a hefty 4.9kg. Even so, it’s nonetheless meant to be a conveyable speaker and – not like the opposite Authentics audio system – it features a rechargeable battery that lasts for round eight hours. There’s additionally a sturdy metallic carrying deal with, so it’s straightforward to select the speaker up and carry it from room to room at house, or out into the backyard when the summer time finally arrives.

Contained in the speaker are two 25mm tweeters, and a beefy 133mm woofer, together with a big passive bass radiator on the underside of the speaker to assist in giving the bass a little bit of a lift. There’s a quantity dial on the highest panel, together with separate controls for adjusting Treble and Bass, however the inclusion of wi-fi and help for AirPlay means that you may additionally simply management the speaker from any Apple units, and the JBL One app additionally contains an eight-band Equalizer that gives extra exact management over the sound.

Getting began is a chunk of cake, because the JBL One app initially makes use of Bluetooth to hook up with the speaker after which guides you thru the method of connecting to your house community, utilizing both wi-fi or the Ethernet port positioned on the again of the speaker. There are two microphones constructed into the speaker, though these solely work with Alexa and the Google Assistant, however there’s a Mute button that permits you to flip the mics off when you want to maintain issues non-public.

Sound high quality is nice, and the Authentics 300 lets the bass guitar on Blondie’s Rapture bounce together with a relaxed, infectious power. There’s a vibrant, clear tone on the chopping rhythm guitar, and the drums and percussion of the late, nice Clem Burke are as taut and exact as ever. And, with 100W output, the speaker has greater than sufficient energy to get issues going at a BBQ or house-party. Our solely minor criticism is that the USB-C port on the again of the speaker doesn’t present a wired audio enter – though there’s a 3.5mm connector on the again of the speaker when you want a wired connection.

How to decide on an AirPlay speaker

There’s loads to consider when shopping for an AirPlay speaker so be sure to learn this shopping for recommendation earlier than splashing the money.

Music streaming & compatibility

Having your favourite music comply with you round your house is nice, however typical multi-room audio system usually have vital limitations. Many, for instance, will solely work with a restricted variety of streaming companies which might be constructed into the apps offered by every producer.

As you may anticipate, most will work with Spotify, whereas Tidal and Deezer additionally get plenty of help. However for some motive, Sonos is among the few producers of multi-room audio system that additionally helps Apple Music. In actual fact, some audio system solely present apps for iOS or Android cell units, which suggests that you may’t even play music from a Mac.

The opposite huge downside with typical audio system prior to now was that you’ve typically had to purchase all of them from one producer when assembling a multi-room setup as a result of rival audio system had been incompatible and wouldn’t work collectively.

AirPlay vs AirPlay 2

The speaker market modified dramatically in 2018 with the discharge of Apple’s up to date AirPlay 2 software program. Launched to coincide with the unique HomePod launch, AirPlay 2 has additionally been licensed to numerous well-known producers, which suggests there’s now a variety of suitable audio system accessible. In actual fact, each mannequin in our high 10 works with AirPlay 2.

The primary model of AirPlay, launched again in 2010, was like a souped-up model of Bluetooth, permitting you to stream audio from any app in your Mac or iOS units to any AirPlay-compatible speaker and liberating you from reliance on the producer’s apps. AirPlay additionally makes use of a Wi-Fi connection, which suggests a better bandwidth than Bluetooth and higher sound high quality – to not point out longer vary.

The simplicity and flexibility of AirPlay is nice, however – like Bluetooth – its unique model was solely designed to work with one speaker at a time. AirPlay 2 takes Apple into the multi-room market, with the flexibility to stream music to a number of audio system in several rooms. (Alternatively, you may
create a HomePods stereo pair in the identical room.)

However the true game-changer with AirPlay 2 was interoperability, the flexibility to hyperlink collectively audio system from completely different producers for the very first time. This implies you may combine and match audio system round your house – selecting, for example, a HomePod as your most important living-room speaker, a Sonos within the bed room, and a conveyable speaker for drinks within the backyard – and have all of them linked as much as play music concurrently.

Apple HomePod stereo pair

Which model of AirPlay is supported?

The essential factor to recollect is that there at the moment are two forms of AirPlay speaker. Some older fashions will use the unique model of AirPlay – which is proscribed to streaming music to 1 speaker at a time – however new audio system (and positively all of the audio system on this article) deal with AirPlay 2. Some can have the AirPlay brand on the packaging, however this doesn’t specify whether or not it’s AirPlay or AirPlay 2. It’s due to this fact essential to examine which model is supported by any speaker earlier than shopping for.

Provided that AirPlay 2 has been round for 3 years, it will be shocking to see a producer launch an AirPlay 1 speaker proper now, but it surely doesn’t damage to examine. You don’t wish to get caught out.

It’s additionally price mentioning that some older AirPlay audio system will be upgraded to work with AirPlay 2 as effectively. Libratone’s new Zipp 2 makes use of AirPlay 2, but it surely’s attainable to obtain a software program replace for the older first-generation Zipp audio system that provides help for AirPlay 2. Sadly, that’s not the case with all AirPlay audio system, and a few fashions are caught with fundamental AirPlay.

Sound High quality vs Value

The truth that Apple licenses each AirPlay and AirPlay 2 to different producers has different benefits too. Particularly, the choice to select from a variety of (usually lower-cost) third-party audio system from corporations like Sonos and Ikea.

On the different excessive, some actually costly hi-fi programs within the pipeline supply AirPlay 2 help for audiophiles and residential cinema buffs. These choices provide you with flexibility: you may spend closely on a very high-quality speaker in your lounge, for instance, whereas choosing a cheaper mannequin within the kitchen.

Indoors vs Open air

Some producers present extra specialised audio system too, equivalent to soundbars that you need to use together with your TV, or sub-woofers that may present a bass enhance for events, or for sound results when watching movies.

Some even embrace rechargeable batteries and light-weight, transportable designs so you may decide them up and carry them from room to room – which is actually cheaper than shopping for a brand new speaker for every room – or take them out into the backyard for a barbecue.

Connectivity

Connectivity is one other key challenge. The HomePod has been criticised for counting on Wi-Fi for streaming, with no choice for fast and straightforward Bluetooth streaming for Android and different non-Apple units. It doesn’t have a 3.5mm audio connector both, which might assist you to use it with a CD participant or different audio units.

Thankfully, many AirPlay and AirPlay 2 audio system present a better vary of connectivity, permitting you to play music from a wider vary of units than the HomePod. Sonos has even introduced it will likely be releasing an AirPlay 2 amplifier quickly that may type the centrepiece of a critical house leisure system.

In different phrases, AirPlay 2 is right here to remain.

Bluetooth solely choices

We’ve reviewed a couple of Bluetooth solely audio system that don’t supply AirPlay, however are nonetheless good choices these embrace the next:

Celestron Showdown: Battle of the 10×42’s

Dr. Mike
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Celestron Showdown: Battle of the 10×42’s


If you happen to’ve ever shopped for binoculars as a newbie, you’ll have most likely seen that all of them look related, they’re packed stuffed with jargon about coatings and prisms, and the worth tags vary from “that’s cheaper than going out for dinner” to “I might purchase a used automotive for that”. That is notably obvious on this planet of 10×42 binoculars — the Goldilocks dimension that’s good for almost the whole lot, from recognizing birds within the backyard to sweeping throughout the night time sky.

So why do you have to go for a 10×42? Briefly, it’s the jack-of-all-trades of binocular specs; supreme if you wish to take a look at a wide range of normal topics with out essentially specializing in a specific area of interest. The 10x magnification will get you shut sufficient to see element with out leading to an excessive amount of shake, and the 42mm goal lenses collect loads of mild with out weighing you down. It’s no shock that this dimension is the perfect vendor throughout virtually each model.

Taking a look at Leprosy | GIDEON

Dr. Mike
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Taking a look at Leprosy | GIDEON


World Leprosy Day in January

Leprosy is a persistent and progressive illness that primarily impacts the pores and skin and peripheral nervous system. The illness has been with us for hundreds of years. There’s proof of the illness way back to 4000 BC, in historical Egypt. [1] In 1873, Norwegian doctor Dr. Gerhard Armauer Hansen found that leprosy was brought on by a bacterium. [2] Right this moment, we name this bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, and we frequently check with leprosy as Hansen’s Illness, in honor of Dr. Hansen. Whereas leprosy precipitated important morbidity and mortality previously, circumstances immediately are uncommon and are curable with correct remedy.

How Is Leprosy Transmitted?

Leprosy doesn’t unfold very simply. Transmission is poorly understood, however it’s thought to happen through respiratory droplets. Leprosy can’t be contracted from a single publicity to somebody with the illness, however solely from extended publicity over many months.[3] Leprosy can’t be transmitted sexually, and it can’t be handed from a pregnant lady to her fetus. As soon as a person has begun remedy for leprosy, they’re now not contagious.

Not everybody who experiences extended publicity to leprosy will go on to develop the illness. There are each genetic and environmental elements that decide susceptibility. It’s estimated that solely 5-20% of persons are prone to growing leprosy.[4] Surprisingly, people with HIV an infection don’t seem like at an elevated danger of contracting leprosy nor at an elevated danger for extreme outcomes.[5] The explanations for this stay unclear and are attention-grabbing when you think about their weakened immune system.

Along with human reservoirs, leprosy has been present in armadillos, wild chimpanzees, mangabey monkeys, and British crimson squirrels. There are well-documented situations of people contracting leprosy by way of contact with armadillos.  

How Does it Current Clinically?

Signs of leprosy sometimes develop from 1 to twenty years after publicity, with a mean incubation interval of 5 years. [6] Leprosy usually causes modifications in pores and skin shade, with areas turning into hypopigmented or erythematous. Painless ulcers could also be seen on the soles of the toes, and lack of eyebrows and eyelashes are typically famous. Subcutaneous nodules are additionally widespread.

Along with the pores and skin, leprosy impacts the mucous membranes of the nostril, throat, and eyes. Leprosy could trigger congestion, nostril bleeds, and typically collapse of the nasal septum, leading to a attribute “saddle nostril deformity.”  Different findings embody problem in blinking, photophobia, corneal ulcers, staphylomas, and glaucoma. Untreated leprosy could lead to blindness.

Leprosy can produce important peripheral neuropathy. The pores and skin could turn into numb to the touch, ache, and temperature. Muscle weak point can happen, and paralysis of the palms and toes could also be famous. Generally the illness causes nerves to turn into enlarged. Commentary of enlargement of the good auricular nerve could result in a prognosis. 

Because the illness progresses, burning, tingling, and ache happen. The palms and toes could turn into crippled.  Erosion of finger bones is usually seen, and toes and fingers could seem like shorter on account of reabsorption. Superior illness may trigger erectile dysfunction, infertility, osteoporosis, and persistent kidney illness. 

Leprosy medical bacterial infection disease.Leprosy medical bacterial infection disease.

There are additionally psychiatric comorbidities related to leprosy. One research discovered that 44% of sufferers with the illness undergo from despair, nervousness, or psychosis.[7]

How is it Categorised?

Two essential programs have been used to categorise leprosy. 

Historically, the illness was categorized as “tuberculoid,” “lepromatous,” or “borderline.” Tuberculoid leprosy is often restricted to some pores and skin lesions. It’s milder than lepromatous or borderline leprosy and is much less contagious than the latter. Sufferers with tuberculoid leprosy mount immune responses that stop the illness from progressing. In lepromatous and borderline leprosy, systemic an infection is current. The pores and skin, peripheral nervous system, and different organs could turn into concerned.

Extra fashionable classification of leprosy divides the illness into two varieties: “paucibacillary” (PB) or “multibacillary” (MB).  PB is outlined as ≤ 5 pores and skin lesions with no micro organism detected through biopsy.  MB is outlined by the detection of micro organism on biopsy or by the presence of ≥ 6 pores and skin lesions.

Who Is Impacted By Leprosy?

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The incidence of leprosy is declining, with roughly 200,000 new circumstances anticipated this 12 months – worldwide.

The nations reporting most leprosy circumstances are India, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, The Central African Republic, Mozambique, Brazil, and French Guiana. Greater than half of all new circumstances happen in India. 

It’s estimated that presently, roughly 2 to three million persons are dwelling with disabilities secondary to leprosy. [8]  It’s generally said that leprosy is twice as widespread in males as ladies. The true discrepancy between the sexes stays unknown as sociocultural elements could have led to feminine circumstances being underreported. [9]  Leprosy is extra widespread in adults than kids, and extra widespread in older kids than youthful kids. 

Leprosy is extraordinarily uncommon within the United States, with solely 77 circumstances reported in 2019. The overwhelming majority of those circumstances had been imported, occurring in immigrants and refugees. Many nations in Europe reported zero circumstances in 2019. 

In case you have a GIDEON account, click on to discover Leprosy Outbreak Map

What about Prognosis and Remedy?

The prognosis of leprosy typically begins with a medical suspicion associated to attribute indicators and signs. The gold normal for prognosis is a biopsy of a suspicious space of pores and skin or peripheral nerve additionally typically known as a lepromin pores and skin take a look at. PCR has additionally confirmed to be a priceless software.

In 2008, a second species, Mycobacterium lepromatosis, was additionally discovered to trigger leprosy. Neither Mycobacterium lepromatosis nor Mycobacterium leprae has ever been efficiently cultured underneath laboratory circumstances. Each are obligate intracellular organisms, biologically associated to the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.

Within the Forties, Promin was developed as the primary efficient remedy for leprosy. Promin is damaged down by the physique into Dapsone. Within the Fifties, clinicians started utilizing Dapsone itself as a remedy. Presently, Dapsone is never administered alone; and multi-drug regimens are simpler and will stop the event of drug resistance. 

Multibacillary illness is usually handled with every day Dapsone and Clofazimine – along with month-to-month Rifampin – administered for one 12 months. Paucibacillary illness is usually handled with every day Dapsone plus month-to-month Rifampin for six months. Remedy could set off extreme inflammatory reactions. Anti-inflammatory medication or drugs equivalent to aspirin, prednisone, and thalidomide are typically used to fight such episodes throughout remedy.

Historic Stigma

All through historical past, people affected with leprosy had been discriminated towards. Partially, this was a response to the overt disfigurement seen in superior circumstances. To today,  the expression “handled like a leper” refers to feeling ostracized.

The illness was referenced as a curse within the Bible and by the Historic Greeks.  In truth, the exact nature of the Biblical “leprosy” is just not recognized.  In the course of the Center Ages, “Leper Colonies” had been constructed to isolate these sufferers, with as many as 19,000 such establishments current throughout Europe.[10]  In the course of the nineteenth century, hospitals referred to as “Leprosaria” emerged for sufferers with leprosy.

Although leprosy is now curable, important stigma relating to the illness stays. There are nonetheless 750 Leper Colonies in India, housing greater than 200,000 folks.[11]  In some circumstances, Indian regulation discriminates towards folks with leprosy, together with a statute that allows the detention of leprosy sufferers. Hopefully, the stigma related to leprosy will disappear from all nations.  So long as discrimination stays, leprosy sufferers could keep away from searching for remedy, and the illness will stay uneradicated. 

 

The GIDEON Distinction within the Medical Subject and Public Well being

GIDEON is without doubt one of the most well-known and complete world databases for infectious illnesses. Knowledge is refreshed every day, and the GIDEON API permits medical professionals and researchers entry to a steady stream of information. Whether or not your analysis entails quantifying knowledge, studying about particular microbes, or testing out differential prognosis instruments– GIDEON has you lined with a program that has met requirements for accessibility excellence.

 

References

[1] J. Gilbody, “Points of rehabilitation in leprosy”, Int. J. Lepr, vol. 60, num. 4, pp. 608-40, 1992. 

[2] R. Bhat and C Prakash, “Leprosy: an summary of pathophysiology”, Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis, vol. 2012, num. 181089, 2012.  Obtainable: 10.1155/2012/181089

[3] Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention, Nationwide Heart for Rising and Zoonotic Infectious Illnesses (NCEZID), Division of Excessive-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology DHCPP, “Hansen’s Illness (Leprosy): Transmission”. [Online]

[4] D Blok, S de Vlas, E Fischer, and J Richardus, “Mathematical modeling of leprosy and its management”, Adv Parasitol, vol. 87, pp. 33-51, 2015. Obtainable: 10.1016/bs.apar.2014.12.002

[5] Ok Ukwaja, “Interactions between leprosy and human immunodeficiency virus: Extra questions than solutions”, J Neurosci Rural Pract, vol. 6, num. 2, pp. 135-6, 2015. Obtainable: 10.4103/0976-3147.150291

[6] World Well being Group, “Leprosy”. [Online]

[7] N Mahendra, R Yaduvanshi, C Sharma, R Ali, P Rathore, and A Kuchhal, “Psychiatric Co-morbidity in Sufferers of Hansen’s Illness”, Worldwide Journal of Modern Medical Analysis, vol. 5, num. 1, 2018. 

[8] Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention, Nationwide Heart for Rising and Zoonotic Infectious Illnesses (NCEZID), Division of Excessive-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology DHCPP, “World Leprosy Day: Bust the Myths, Be taught the Information”. [Online].

[9] R Sarkar, and S Pradhan, “Leprosy and girls”, Int J Ladies’s Dermatol, vol. 2, num. 4, pp. 117-121, 2016. Obtainable: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2016.09.001

[10] T Tulchinsky, and E Varavikova, “Communicable Illnesses”, The New Public Well being (Third Version), 2014. [Online]

[11] The Leprosy Mission Belief India, “Leprosy.” [Online].

Kickstart Your 2026 Safety Technique: Grasp Automation on the DevNet Ignite Safety Workshop

Dr. Mike
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Kickstart Your 2026 Safety Technique: Grasp Automation on the DevNet Ignite Safety Workshop


The brand new yr is developing, and it’s time to make the adjustments that may enhance the best way you do Cybersecurity in 2026. Safety groups face a well known but escalating problem, defending complicated infrastructures towards superior threats. In case your decision for January is to scale back handbook workloads and speed up risk response, the DevNet Ignite Safety Workshop is the place you have to be.

We’re bringing hands-on workshops to 9 main cities throughout the globe. Whether or not you need to achieve a primary understanding or to discover superior orchestration, these classes have been created to offer you the talents to automate safety throughout a number of domains.

Why You Ought to Attend

Manually sustaining cyber safety requirements is LAME! This workshop focuses on real-world use circumstances that reveal how automation can guarantee normal coverage enforcement and enhance your group’s resilience.

You’ll take part in 5 devoted tracks designed to vary the best way you strategy safety operations:

  1. Safety Automation: Study the ideas of automation utilizing industry-standard instruments like Python, Terraform, and Ansible, with a deal with Cisco’s XDR Automate.
  2. Community Safety: Uncover tips on how to automate the deployment of Cisco Firepower Risk Protection (FTD) inside AWS, together with autoscaling options and streamlined configuration administration.
  3. Breach Safety: Discover how Cisco XDR unifies risk detection and looking, utilizing automated workflows to rebuild assault chains and prioritize incidents.
  4. Person Safety: Grasp id safety by utilizing APIs for Cisco Duo and Safe Entry to implement zero-trust insurance policies and orchestrate authentication flows.
  5. Cloud Safety: Get hands-on with configuring cloud-native safety controls to scale back assault vectors in hybrid environments.

Get Arms-On Expertise

Speaking about safety automation is ok, however doing it your self is healthier! These workshops have an agenda to get you from zero to hero:

  • Newbie Labs: Introductions to Terraform and Ansible ideas.
  • Infrastructure as Code: Automate and orchestrate a Safe Firewall in AWS utilizing Terraform and implement Coverage as Code.
  • Superior Risk Searching: Automate risk intelligence and incident response actions in Cisco XDR.
  • Slicing Edge Tech: Get began with Isovalent eBPF, Cilium, and Tetragon for runtime safety visibility.

January 2026 Schedule

Don’t miss your likelihood to hitch us. Registration is open for the next places:

  • Boulder: January 7, 2026
  • Boston: January 14, 2026
  • Frankfurt: January 15, 2026
  • Amsterdam: January 20, 2026
  • Toronto: January 21, 2026
  • London: January 22, 2026
  • Paris: January 27, 2026
  • Austin: January 28, 2026
  • Dubai: January 29, 2026

Let’s GOOOO! Click on the “Register Now” button right here, https://cisco.cventevents.com/occasion/DevNet_Ignite_Security_Workshops/workshop-overview, for town closest to you, to assert your seat and begin the brand new yr with the instruments you have to scale safety with pace and confidence.

 

Need assistance getting your boss to sponsor your journey??? Under is an electronic mail template you should utilize to get your boss on board with letting you go and hopefully paying in your journey to the classes.

Hello [Manager’s Name],

I need to request approval to attend the DevNet Ignite Safety Workshop in [City] on [Date].

It is a one-day, hands-on, technical workshop centered on a problem we face: securing complicated hybrid environments whereas sustaining pace and reliability. The session is fully sensible and centered on safety automation, to scale back handbook effort, mitigate human-error-related threat, and enhance our response to threats.

Key advantages to our staff embrace:

Lowering Guide Safety Operations
Arms-on labs utilizing Terraform and Ansible to automate repeatable safety duties corresponding to firewall provisioning, coverage updates, and configuration administration.

Quicker Incident Response
The Breach Safety observe covers automating risk detection and prioritization with Cisco XDR to assist speedy containment and response throughout incidents.

Zero Belief Enforcement through APIs
Sensible expertise implementing Zero Belief insurance policies programmatically, serving to guarantee constant entry controls throughout distant and hybrid customers.

Improved Cloud and Hybrid Safety Posture
Labs centered on configuring cloud-native safety controls to scale back our assault floor and enhance visibility via numerous environments.

This workshop just isn’t theoretical. It consists of guided labs the place I’ll construct scripts and workflows that may be instantly utilized to our current infrastructure and shared with the staff.

Logistics:

Date: [Event Date]

Location: [Insert City]

Price: [Insert Estimated Registration/Travel Cost]

Investing a single day on this coaching will assist us transfer from reactive, handbook safety operations to a extra automated, versatile strategy. I’m glad to supply a follow-up with a abstract or inner walkthrough afterward to share what I realized.

Be happy to inform me when you’d like to debate this additional.

Type regards,
[Your Name]

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